The basics of financial repression

A subtle type of sovereign debt restructuring is “financial repression.” Financial repression denotes a compound of measures to channel cheap funding to governments, accompanied by a steady dose of inflation. It was practised in the developed world during Bretton Woods era.

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A review of euro area rescue funds

The European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and its permanent replacement, the European Stabilization Mechanism (ESM) haven proved less effective than the ECB in quelling crisis dynamics. However, the funds are large in size and will play major role in the euro area’s institutional response to crisis pressue.

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