Credit market herding and price distortions

Corporate credit markets have historically been especially prone to herding. The main drivers of herding have been past returns, rating changes and liquidity. Sell herding has been particularly strong and flows have been disproportionate after very large price moves. Herding can be persistent and lead to significant price distortions. Non-fundamental price overshooting is a valid basis for profitable contrarian trading strategies.

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Corporate bond market momentum: a model

An increase in expected default ratios naturally reduces prices for corporate bonds. However, it also triggers feedback loops. First, it reduces funds’ wealth and demand for corporate credit in terms of notional, resulting in selling for rebalancing purposes. Second, negative performance of funds typically triggers investor outflows, resulting in selling for redemption purposes. Flow-sensitive market-making and momentum trading can aggravate these price dynamics. A larger market share of passive funds can increase tail risks.

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When currency strength and credit booms feed on each other

A  paper by Bruno and Shin illustrates how global banks drive lending booms in local currency markets. Most importantly, they explain how currency strength fuels rather than curbs financial expansion in small and emerging economies, leading to escalating dynamics. Conversely, dollar strength can trigger a tightening spiral. Empirical evidence seems to support the point.

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The “reach for yield” bias of institutional investors

‘Reach for yield’ describes regulated investors’ preference for high-risk assets within the confines of a rule-based risk metric (such as credit ratings or VaR). Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina provide evidence that U.S. insurance companies act on this principle and show that ”conditional on ratings, insurance portfolios are systematically biased toward higher yield bonds”. ‘Reach for yield’ would be a form of regulatory arbitrage, a source of inefficiency, and a reward for “unaccounted risk” of securities and issuers.

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